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- ID:LH Loadhi: Recent Versions
- Quarterdeck Technical Note #183
- by Joe Wilder
-
- This technote discusses QEMM's Loadhi programs, concentrating on
- material which is not already in the Quarterdeck manuals and on
- versions of QEMM 5.0 or later. Chapter 5 and Appendix A of the
- Quarterdeck expanded memory manager manual contain
- the basic Loadhi information.
-
- Q: What does Optimize do?
-
- OPTIMIZE will load TSRs and device drivers high in the most
- "optimal" way, sometimes testing millions of different
- possibilities. The LOADHI programs available in QEMM version 5
- and later can determine the size of particular TSRs or device
- drivers and can place them in specific memory address ranges. It
- would normally be difficult to use the Loadhi programs
- manually to improve on the way Optimize arranges programs
- in high memory.
-
- Q: What's Loadhi all about?
-
- There is a popular misconception that PCs using DOS have an
- absolute limit of 640K of space to run programs in. Untrue --
- there is actually 1024K of addressable code space. The LOADHI
- programs are used to run resident programs and device drivers in
- the address space between 640K and 1024K. This area is normally
- reserved for hardware devices such as video cards, system ROM and
- network adapters. Any space in that ramge that isn't occupied by
- these devices, Roms, and Ram is just that, empty space. There is
- usually more that one. Each of these areas is called a region.
- Qemm attaches memory to these empty spaces with a process called
- memory mapping creating "High Ram." The more devices you have
- that use the address range 640-1024K, the less high memory will
- be available to load programs into. Expanded memory managers
- also utilize 64K of this upper address space for what is called a
- "page frame." The expanded memory page frame is a space through
- which programs familiar with the expanded memory standard can get
- access to the larger pool of expanded memory.
-
- Q: Can I get rid of the Expanded memory page frame?
-
- The page frame may turned off, and doing so would allow space for
- 64K more High Ram. The disadvantage to doing this is
- that programs that want to use the expanded memory pool could no
- longer do so. Therefore, turning off the expanded memory page
- frame is only a viable option for users whose programs don't use
- expanded memory. The parameter to turn off the expanded memory
- page frame is "FRAME=NONE".
-
-
-
-
- Q: Will QEMM and LOADHI load TSRs directly into extended and/or
- expanded memory?
-
- Many new QEMM users assume that LOADHI can run TSRs and device
- drivers directly in extended or expanded memory. This is not the
- case. The only address space where these items can be run is in
- what were empty addresses (previous to the installation of Qemm
- and the RAM parameter) in the address range from 640K to 1024K.
- This is where "High Ram" gets installed using the RAM parameter
- of Qemm.
-
- Q: Why am I getting an error message, "No High Memory Available"?
-
- The RAM parameter to QEMM.SYS must be invoked in order to use
- LOADHI programs. This attaches some expanded memory to the unused
- addresses in the reserved memory area. Once the RAM is
- available, programs can be loaded there with LOADHI. If loading
- high is attempted without the RAM parameter being specified, the
- above error message will appear. Using the RAM parameter to
- QEMM.SYS prevents QEMM from being turned off at the prompt.
-
- Q: I seem to have enough High Ram, but my program still won't
- load high.
-
- Each program must be loaded into a single contiguous memory area.
- Because of this, very large TSRs and device drivers often won't
- load high. For instance, if QEMM establishes two high memory
- regions, one of 80K, and the other of 32K, a program that
- requires 90K to load wouldn't be able to be loaded high. It
- would have to fit in one Region or the other. The size and
- number of regions varies from computer to computer depending on
- the size of the BIOS, the number of devices and where in the 640-
- 1024K address space these are situated.
-
- Q: Why doesn't my "Largest Available" window size, indicated by
- DESQview's Memory Status program, increase when I load my drivers
- and TSRs high?
-
- Q: Is there any way of finding just a little more High Ram?
-
- There are some small things you can do that may improve your
- available conventional memory. Rearranging your config.sys and
- autoexec.bat so that the items that take the most memory come
- first often will improve available conventional memory when
- Optimize is run. Setting up you hardware devices so that the
- available High Ram is large contiguous regions instead of small
- fragmented regions will allow Optimize more options in putting
- things up high. For example, three 7K regions often aren't as
- usable as one 21K area. Changing the address ranges hardware is
- accomplished by reconfiguring the hardware itself. Some devices
- have jumpers or switches on the card, others are software
- configurable. Using the Analyze feature of Qemm will almost
- surely find some more places to put High Ram. If this procedure
- is used, the instructions must be followed explicitly.
-
- Q: Is there anything special to consider about Loading High for
- DESQview users?
-
- DESQview has the capability of running most of its own code in
- high memory. You don't have to use the RAM parameter with QEMM
- to get this feature. DV.COM (XDV.COM renamed) will map expanded
- memory into the available addresses on its own. It will then run
- DESQview in that memory. DESQview can use as much as 95K of
- reserved memory space. Loading high too many resident programs
- and drivers before going into DESQview may cause DESQview to load
- more of itself in the lower 640K, resulting in little or no gain
- for the largest available window size in DESQview. Sometimes,
- because of the different sizes of memory regions available, you
- may actually get a slightly larger window size in DESQview by
- loading something low instead of high. If you are running
- DESQview, it is a good idea to avoid loading "Pop-up" type TSRs
- before DESQview at all (using LOADHI or not), but instead put
- them in DESQview windows, where their overhead in lower memory
- can be completely eliminated.
-
- Copyright (C) 1991 by Quarterdeck Office Systems
- * * * E N D O F F I L E * * *